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2016 / Button,Arduino,printer,paper.

This work is a machine that was created after the experiments of the biologist Benjamin Libet to print the vademecum.
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In his original experiments, Libet examined the chronological sequence between a simple action, the associated conscious act of will, and the initiation of the action at the neuronal level; in general, however, statements about the causal relationships between these processes are derived from his experiments.
The test subjects had the task of performing a simple hand movement of the right hand several times (a total of forty times). They were largely free to choose the time of execution. At the same time, they were asked to remember exactly when they felt the conscious urge or desire to perform the movement. For this purpose, they should note the position of a point that, like a second hand, moved at a speed of approximately 2.5 seconds per revolution on a type of dial.
Libet also measured the increase in the symmetrical standby potential. The symmetrical readiness potential is a negative electrical potential, which can be measured in the electroencephalogram (EEG), which arises during the preparation of voluntary movements and sets in about a second before the movement is carried out. The potential is very weak; it can therefore only be determined by averaging over a large number of test runs (usually around 40). The underlying neuronal activity occurs in the supplementary motor area, in the primary motor area and in the primary and secondary sensory areas (Green, St. Arnold, Rozhkov, Stroher and Garrot 2003; see Walter 1998). In order to be able to estimate possible distortions in the date of the deliberate act of will by the test person, Libet let his test persons date light electrical skin stimuli with the same clock.
The result was surprising for Libet itself: the readiness potential averaged about 550 milliseconds before the movement was carried out; however, the act of will only became conscious, on average, only 200 milliseconds before the movement was carried out, and thus about 350 milliseconds after the appearance of the readiness potential.
A quote from the website "Philosophy understandable (http://www.philosophieverstaendlich.de/rechte/aktuell/libet.html)":
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If you press the switch on the top of the box, the vademecum is printed. In the Vademecum there is text about Dr. Libet's experiment noted.


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